Does Learning Change the Structure of the Brain

Question: Does Learning Change the Structure of the Brain? Answer: Introduction: This particular study seeks an in-depth insight on whether learning changes the structure of brain or not. The mental development of human is gradual and dynamic. With the gradual progress of life, the human being has to come across different learning processes with the help of which they can develop their mental skill and wisdom. This particular study has thrown an argument regarding this. I as a psychologist have to analyse the fact whether learning process can at all change the structure of brain or not. As a psychologist, I have to provide logical statement in support of my argument. I as a psychologist believe that with the progress of learning process, the structure of brain changes. Therefore, I have to produce an argument how mental ability changes with the rhythmic process of learning. Thesis statement: It was a psychological argument thrown by many eminent personalities that different learning process is one of the major tools of structuring brain. Brain signifies mental ability based on which the individual has enhanced their knowledge and wisdom. Buntod (2010) stated that different learning theories are one of the most effective framework based on which learners can absorb the information and utilize it when it is necessary. As per the behavioural theory, it is defined that individuals behaviour is highly dependent on the society, culture and the background where that individual belongs (Gibson and Hughes, 2009).Learning can never change anyones behaviour. On the other hand, Korkmaz et al. (2011) argued that the believers of cognitive theory believe can be developed through different phases of learning processes. As a result, one can simply differentiate the behaviour of a knowledgeable person and the behaviour of an ordinary fellow having least knowledge and perception on the learning process. Many theorists as Petersen et al. (2014) have differed this kind of arguments that only learning process is enough to build the mental development of a particular individual. They believe that as per the constructivism theory, learning process definitely helps to construct enough and skill to an individual; but through various learning process individual can never gain wisdom. There is a subtle difference between knowledge and wisdom. The renowned essayist, Russell (1872-1970) in his essay Knowledge and Wisdom, stated that gaining knowledge has both of its positive and negative effects; but those who gain knowledge for getting a positive outcome is possessed wisdom. He has pointed out one particular example such as one scientist can make dynamite with the help of which the world can be destroyed. On the other hand, biochemists select the dose of medicines that help a person to get back into new life. The essayist has highlighted two contradictory sentences in order to point out the fact that knowledge can always not be effective in order to build a persons mentality or psychology. In addition, with knowledge or learning, wisdom is also necessary that would help them to realize how knowledge can be utilized in various positive sides (Francis 2008). Therefore, this was the argument statement whether learning can change structure of brain of an individual based on which different essayists have made their arguments i n it. Discussing own Position and argument: As per the demand of the study, I have to expose my own argument in the position of psychology. At the very first stage, I would like to confess that I personally believe learning plays a major role in the developmental structure of brain and mind. In order to support my argument I would love to point out some of the relevant tools learning process in this regard that would help me to support my views. A learner can gain knowledge and information from group activities. While making a group discussion, the learner can develop knowledge and skill that was completely unknown for that person. Collective ideas and decision-making process helps an individual to widen the mental horizon. Learning through classroom activities is one of the most effective ways to gain enough information for building the mental development. In a classroom, the mentor or a teacher likes to provide sufficient knowledge and information regarding various fields. Learners get the opportunity to interact with the teacher in order to clarify their doubt. With the help of exchanging immediate feedback to each other, learners can develop their mind. Interpersonal exchange of views is one of the most effective ways of enhancing mental ability and skill. In an interpersonal communication, both the sender and the receiver like to maintain face-to-face communication with each other. As a result, the feedback they get from each other is immediate. Consequently, they acquire enough opportunity to correct their misconception. One of the most notable benefits of making interpersonal communication is that both the sender and the receiver can expose their emotion more frankly as they are known to each other. It is a major tool of learning process. Here, learners get immense opportunity to develop their ability and skill. On the contrary Bassett et al. (2011) has opined that class room activities, group activities, interpersonal exchange of views can never be the effective tool of learning based on which the mind and the structure of brain of a learner would be changed. Surroundings and the environment are the major factors for the mental development of a learner. I personally having a psychological background strongly oppose the point of view of May (2011). As per my knowledge and experience is concerned, I have gained enough the society and background of a particular learner can be one of the effective parts of building the mental skill and development; but it can never be the whole. For an example, without different phases of learning process from school to college, one individual child can never be able to take any matured decision because this particular child would not be able to make any difference between good or bad Sullivan et al. (2011). Only society is not enough to structure the brain of a child. Many examples can be developed in this regard where I can show that a child coming from backward society is successful enough to take a perfect decision about career or any other else. Whereas a child in spite of having a high profile background does not know how to behave with seniors in order to show them respect and dignity Taubert et al. (2010). Therefore, this fact is undeniable that environment is one of the major factors for making the mental ability of a learner; but it can never be the only factors based on which an individual learner can develop their knowledge and skill. Without proper learning, no one would be able to develop his or her mentality Zatorre et al (2012). Summary and Conclusion: This particular study has clearly focused to establish an argument whether learning can change the structure of a brain. Different stalwarts from the psychological background have expressed their point of views. Some of them have supported this opinion and some of them have denied its relevance. I also have been appointed to express my personal opinion. However, I have supported the view, as I personally believe the process of learning has an immense contribution in order to develop the mental ability of a learner. Many eminent personalities have considered my opinion as irrelevant because they personally believe that environment is more important than learning for developing mental skill of a learner. I have provided enough statements relating to the practical examples in support of my viewpoints. Reference List: Bassett, D. S., Wymbs, N. F., Porter, M. A., Mucha, P. J., Carlson, J. M., Grafton, S. T. (2011). Dynamic reconfiguration of human brain networks during learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,108(18), 7641-7646. Buntod, (2010). Effects of Learning Environmental Education on Science Process Skills and Critical Thinking. Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), pp.60-63. Francis, P. (2008). Developing education students' conceptions of the learning process in different learning environments. Learning and Instruction, 7(3), pp.277-292. Gibson, M. and Hughes, P. (2009). The Supervisory Process in Action Learning. Management Learning, 18(4), pp.264-276. Korkmaz, F., Ozsaker, E., Tasdemir, N. and Karacabay, K. (2011). Analysis of the effects of two different assessment methods on the learning process in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. European Journal of Cardiovascular, 10(23), pp.22-24. May, A. (2011). Experience-dependent structural plasticity in the adult human brain.Trends in cognitive sciences,15(10), 475-482. Petersen, A., Boer, H. and Gertsen, F. (2014). Learning in different modes: the interaction between incremental and radical change. Knowl. Process Mgmt., 11(4), pp.228-238. Sullivan, E. V., Pfefferbaum, A., Rohlfing, T., Baker, F. C., Padilla, M. L., Colrain, I. M. (2011). Developmental change in regional brain structure over 7 months in early adolescence: comparison of approaches for longitudinal atlas-based parcellation.Neuroimage,57(1), 214-224. Taubert, M., Draganski, B., Anwander, A., Mller, K., Horstmann, A., Villringer, A., Ragert, P. (2010). Dynamic properties of human brain structure: learning-related changes in cortical areas and associated fiber connections.The Journal of Neuroscience,30(35), 11670-11677. Zatorre, R. J., Fields, R. D., Johansen-Berg, H. (2012). Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure during learning.Nature neuroscience,15(4), 528-536

Clinic management system Essay Essay Example

Clinic management system Essay Paper Introduction A system is a aggregation of elements that are organized for a common intent. The word sometimes describes the organisation or program itself ( and is similar in intending to method. as in â€Å"I have my ain small system† ) and sometimes depict the parts in the system ( as in â€Å"computer system† ) . A computing machine system consists of hardware constituents that have been carefully chosen so that they work good together and package constituents or plans that run in the computing machine. We will write a custom essay sample on Clinic management system Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Clinic management system Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Clinic management system Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This construct includes Information System. Information system can be defined as any agencies of pass oning cognition from one beginning to another. and/or from one individual to another. On the other manus. an information system is designed to supply the best possible information to its users. Information systems typically refer to computerise methods of seeking. storing and recovering information. An information system is all about supplying the most useable information needed. and is at that place to authorise users and fit them with the tools to make their occupations most efficaciously. An information system offers a litany of benefits that help to do the procedure of pull offing information easier. Cardinal entree. easy back up. cardinal distribution of information. easy record maintaining. every bit good as easy client trait designation. are merely a few of the benefits offered by an information system. Cardinal entree means all organisation members have one point to entree all organizationally public information and increases efficiency. Having information in a assortment of locations can be cumbersome and do information to be overlooked. With easy back up. the opportunities of lost informations are decreased and organisational staff will be given to endorse up more on a regular basis as the system is easy to voyage. To have the greatest benefit overall. it is of import to understand that it is an adaptable tool that should come on as your concern advancements. Information systems are seldom advanced concern solutions. They are designed to turn with you and heighten your organization’s information bringing in the procedure. In Computer System. It includes database for hive awaying informations and information. Not-for-profit organisations must track information about people including voluntaries. clients. possible givers. current givers. event attendants. who support or who might back up their plans and services. Pull offing this information is important. A database allows you to pull off and utilize an unbelievable assortment of information easy. Databases are easy to set-up. easy to pull strings and easy to utilize. A database allows you to keep order in what could be a really helter-skelter environment. Employees and voluntaries of not-for-profit organisations have to pull off existing resources really carefully. There may non be the resources to engage a full-time database director or a short-run adviser. Initial data base construction can be really basic. easy to utilize and to keep. Databases can be expanded and manipulated as your organisation grows and your resources addition. Background of the Study A Clinic in Dr. Arcadio Santos National High School provides wellness attention for the pupils thru regular physical and nutritionary appraisal. operational instructions and by giving accent on the ideals of a safe. healthy and drug free environment. Dr. Arcadio Santos National High School was conceived simply todecongest the large registration of so Paranaque Municipal High School that was in 1991. This was in under the supervising of Mrs. Rosa V. Sioson. the principal of PMHS. The school was named so PMHS Annex San Martin de Porres. It has a entire figure of 804 freshers and 422 sophomore enrollees with 38 instructors. A two-storey edifice with 16 suites situated along Km. 15 East Service Road. South Super Highway. San Martin de Porres. Paranaque City under the stewardship of Mr. Urbano E. Agustin as Officer-in-charge. was the lone edifice in usage that clip. Steady growing of registration occurred. 1993. because Dr. Filemon S. Salas. so Schools Division Superintendent of Pasay City Division. advocated andrecommended the constitutions of more autonimous municipal high school in Paranaque. school independency is worked out. Through the collaborative attempt of the school disposal. the Parents Teachers Association. the municipal functionaries and the community itself. Audience and hearings were made. Resolution was passed. And with the writing of Atty. Manuel de Guia. municipal councilor an president of commission of Education. a Municipal Ordinance No. 93-10 Series of 1993 was approved doing PMHS-Annex-San Martin de Porres an independent secondary school. The name Dr. Arcadio Santos. a native boy of Paranaque with model repute was adopted. Its immediate liberty benefited much the young person and community of District II specifically Brgy. San Martin de Porres. By 1994. registration tripled. From 1301 in 1993. it rose to 3033. An inflow of instructors besides occured to run into the learning demands of pupils. This was besides the twelvemonth that Department of Education Culture and Sports in conformity with the guidelines in DECS Order NO. . s. of 1989. approved and recognized Dr. Arcadio Santos High School as an independent secondary school. This twelvemonth on September 1. a mass assignment of instructors. 72 points. were given by the local authorities under the mayoral ship of Dr. Pablo Olivarez. September 1 besides became the footing of the jubilation of the school’s foundation twenty-four hours. School Year 1994-1995 sprouted another school in the name of DASHS Masville Annex. Mrs. Virginia B. Vecino was designated officer-in-charge with 167 instructors and about 300 pupils. Due to an ineluctable fortunes nevertheless. it was closed in the same twelvemonth. In 1995. another four-storey edifice with 24 suites was constructed to run into the increasing schoolroom demands of the stud entry under the local fund chaired by so Mayor Olivarez. A twelvemonth after. a two-storey edifice was erected through the state broad Development Fund of Cong. Roilo Golez. The edifice is now utilised as the school library in the 2nd floor and three schoolrooms for THE-I. A. in the land floor. In 1996. DASHS Annex was reopened. This clip it found its oasis at Don Galo in apposition with the Don Galo Elementary School. Mrs. Concepcion Bernaldez. the adjunct school principal. was designated officer-in-charge. It had 330 pupils ; First and Second twelvemonth degree with 16 instructors. In 1997. DASHS annex found its manner back once more toMasville with a entire population of 994. This was upon the completion of a four-storey edifice with 16 suites sponsored by Mayor Joey P. Marquez. In 1998. a complete secondary extension came to existence. Now it has a entire population of 1443 and 34 instructors administrating the demands of the pupil organic structure under the supervising of Dr. Teodulo N. Timtiman. II as Officer-in-charge. The 4th edifice named Golez Building sponsored by Cong. Roilo S. Golez. himself. has found its manner. This is a three-storey building with six schoolrooms and the land floor is an unfastened infinite used for plans and some other particular occasions of the school. August 22. 2000. a major event happened. Dr. Arcadio Santos High was converted into Dr. Arcadio Santos National High School in the City of Paranaque through a Republic Act No. 8844. Thios was made possible through the attempt of no other than the Lone Representative of Paranaque Congressman Roilo Golez. Truly. Dr. Arcadio Santos National High School after a decennary of being has reached its speak of excellence be it academic or construction wise. Its purpose to function par excellence and bring forth a productive and competitory citizen is needed a fruition of being. Statement of the Problem General ProblemThe general job of the survey is the manual operations in bring forthing intervention study and supervising the patient’s complaints. Specific ProblemHow to easy pull off the school clinic intervention record?Using manual system. the assigned clinic staff is difficult for them to pull off. form and bring forth all studies in the clinic particularly in the Treatment Report. How could they supervise the entire figure of complaints and how do they bring forth a study every month? All information of complaints collected will be store in the log book and so they merely make a study before the terminal of the month. How could they give an update to the DEPED ( Department of instruction ) division of Paranaque for the medical supplies needed by the clinic? The Treatment Report will be submitted to the caputoffice to reexamine all the types of complaints and to bring forth a demands of the clinic particularly the medical specialties. Aims of the StudyGeneral AimsThe general aims of the survey are to plan and develop package that will heighten the bing Treatment Report System for a better one. Specific AimsThey can easy pull off their record procedure utilizing the computerized intervention study with supervising patient’s complaints. Pull offing the records daily would be easier with the aid of the proposed system without holding troubles in which the nurse and the tooth doctor can oversee all the demands of medicines for each patient. The proposed system will automatically number the entire figure of complaints every hebdomad. Alternatively of Monthly Report. the nurse and the tooth doctor will bring forth the study hebdomadally by the usage of the proposed system. They can easy update the DEPED ( Division of Paranaque ) sing the medical supplies of the school clinic. By the usage of a proposed system. they can direct petition to the chief office for the medical supply hebdomadally. Scope and the Boundary line ScopeThe range of the survey can enter the pupils and school forces information who admitted inside the school clinic. It can automatically optimise in pull offing all the records together with the medicine demands of the patients. The information including the name. age. grade/year degree. reference. contact figure and etc. . can modify and update the informations by utilizing control choice of the proposed system. The survey is merely for Dr. Arcadio Santos National High School ( clinic ) . It has a security that the School Nurse. School Dentist. pupils or other school forces who can merely entree the system. Besides. utilizing their ain history in the propoed system theNurse and the Dentist can bring forth the studies and can update the information stored in the database. Boundary lineThe proposed system has an history security for the users so that all unauthorised individual outside the school premises are non allowed to utilize. Besides. the pupils and principal are can non bring forth the Treatment Reports and the proposed system does non back up for the online services. Significance of the surveyThe proposed Computerized Treatment Report with Monitoring Patient’s complaint system has the ability to execute with different characteristics such as fast. accurate and user-friendly. For this ground. the proposed system benefits non merely its primary user but besides the advocates. future research workers. and the country’s I. T industry. For the UsersThe premier donee of the proposed system is the User. This system will assist them easy to treat their minutess. Because of this is a friendly user. the job can be easy work out and the minutess done good. Besides the dealing will be enhanced from manual to computerise one. For the AdvocatesThe proposed system besides benefits the proponent’s method of believing. While making the system. each advocate will heighten his cognition and show his ideas or thoughts in order to make and implement a new design and the system public presentation every bit good. The proposed system will besides assist them to analyse the flow of minutess and hint every jobs encountered. For the Future ResearchersThis proposed system will assist the hereafter research workers because it will function as their mention. It will function as their footing in analysing the current position of Monitoring System. Because of this. other advocates will be able to better the said system as they create a new design. For the IT IndustryThe IT Industry will profit this survey because they create coders that can assist them to better and develop more in footings of heightening the latest computerized systems. Conceptual Model Figure 1. 0 shows the bing system for bring forthing a Treatment Report every month. First. the Medical staff will inquire inquiry to the patient which includes Name. Address and Contact Number together with the complaints. All the information gathered are manually Record in the Log Book that serves as a database. After entering all information. the medical staff will now look into if there is an available first assistance medicine for the peculiar complaint. If no. the patient will be transfer to the other clinics and the medical staff will now enter the medical demands inside the school clinic. After a month. the Medical staff will now number all the entire figure of complaints and bring forth a Treatment Report by utilizing a saloon chart. It is struggle for the staff to bring forth a study because of excessively many record stored in Log book. The study will be submitted to the chief office of the Department of Education ( DEPED ) Division of Paranaque and after reexamining the chart. it is the clip to direct a supply of medical specialties into the school. Conceptual Model Figure 1. 1 shows the Computerized System for bring forthing a Treatment Report every hebdomad alternatively of monthly study. First. the Medical staff will inquire inquiry to the patient which includes Name. Address and Contact Number together with the complaints. All the information gathered will type in the proposed system with SQL database. After entering all information. the medical staff will now seek to the database for the available medical specialties. Every hebdomad. the Medical Staff bring forth the Treatment Report by utilizing the proposed system. It is easy for them to carry through the study because it is automatically tally all the complaints records counted saved on the database. Operational Footings:Analysis – the procedure of interrupting down a something into its parts to larn what they do and how they relate to one another. Ailments – a physical upset or unwellness. particularly of a minor or chronic nature. Clinic – a category of medical direction in which patients are examined and discussed Data – factual information ( as measurings or statistics ) used as a footing for concluding. treatment. or computation. Database – a comprehensive aggregation of related informations organized for convenient entree. by and large in a computing machine. Design – to fix the preliminary study or the programs for ( a work to be executed ) particularly to be after the signifier and construction. Input – informations to be entered into a computing machine for processing. the procedure of presenting informations into the internal storage ofa computing machine. Medication – the usage or application of medical specialty. a medicative substance. Monitoring –Supervising activities in advancement to guarantee they are on-course and on-schedule in run intoing the aims and public presentation marks. Output – information in a signifier suitable for transmittal from internal to external units of a computing machine. or to an outside medium. Process – a systematic series of actions directed to some terminal. a uninterrupted action. operation. or series of alterations taking placein a definite mode: Programmer – a individual who writes computing machine package.Programing – is the comprehensive procedure that leads from an original preparation of a computer science job to feasible plans. It involves activities such as analysis. apprehension. and generically work outing such jobs ensuing in an algorithm. Report – is any informational work ( normally of composing. address. telecasting. or movie ) made with the specific purpose in relaying information or telling certain events in a widely presentable signifier. School forces –a organic structure of individuals normally employed in a school. Software – is a aggregation of computing machine plans and related informations that provides the instructions for stating a computing machine what to make and how to make it. SQL – Structured Query Language is a standard computing machine linguistic communication for relational database direction and information use. is used to question.insert. update and modify informations. System Design – is the procedure of specifying the architecture. constituents. faculties. interfaces and informations for a system to fulfill specified demands. Transaction – information processing that is divided into single. indivisible operations. a unit of work performed within a database direction system Treatment – The procedure or mode of handling person or something. C H A P T E R II Review of Related Studies and Literature This Chapter consists of reappraisal related literature and a survey that includes the local and foreign survey to do relevance our survey. It besides discusses the different mentions and text that are relevant to the surveies. Related Literature the research workers cited some of the related literature made by different research workers which are rather similar to the present survey. These related literatures can assist the research workers in analysing the jobs that the present survey will meet in the hereafter. Foreign Literature1. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Clinic Management System. â€Å"Clinic direction is introduced to optimise clinic’s operation. Because of immense alterations in direction presents. direction for clinic is of import due to the widely spread of engineering. † Harmonizing to the cyberspace the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Clinic. This system is proposed for clinic in UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia Melaka ( UTeM ) to pull off the clinic’s operation expeditiously. The procedure in developing the system include patient’s clinic in UTeM. The country consists of the user in clinic which is physician and clinic helper. Basically there are no such systems in the clinic. The system usage before has caused a batch of jobs to the user. Due to that. utilizing manual system seems to be the lone solutions in pull offing the day-to-day plants. The system will assist out the user in the clinic in pull offing the work. 2. On-line Constructions of Metrosexuality and Masculinities. â€Å"A metrosexual can be defined as a adult male who is egotistic in nature. loves his urban life style and is a consecutive adult male who is in touch with his feminine side. † Harmonizing to Matthew Hall on his Cultural Studies On-line Constructions of Metrosexuality and Masculinities. A British journalist named Mark Simpson devised this word. It can be said that any urban male of any sexual orientation who spends a batch of clip and money on his visual aspect and life style is known as a metrosexual. There are a big figure of famous persons out there who are celebrated icons such as David Beckham. Brad Pitt. Robbie Williams. P. Diddy and George Clooney. 3. Mediwise Clinic Management Software â€Å"Mediwise Clinic Management Software is a to the full incorporate solution for the concern and clinical demands of medical medical specialty clinics. † Harmonizing to the cyberspace Cynthia Anderson tells that the Mediwise references of all the facility’s informations processing demands: Patient Accounting. EMR. Referral Management. Scheduling. Case and Encounters Management and Financials. It provides doctors. clinicians. and wellness attention executives with the necessary information to do critical determinations about the patient and the endeavor. Local Literature1. Harmonizing to Dean Francis Alfair. Filipino work forces are passing 1000000s to look and experience good. As was stated in his article. â€Å"Machos in the Mirror† . a metrosexual like himself doesn’t by and large think of himself as vain. but so there’s this incident where Mr. Alfair retrieve from high school: some of his friends were assembled at his house so that they could all sit together to a party. As they were acquiring dressed in their Spandau Ballet-inspired finery ( so the tallness of manner ) . one of the barkada produced. from out of the deepnesss of his bag. a can of mousse. which none of them hapless males had of all time seen or even heard of earlier. Naturally. they all had to force out some into their custodies and smear it on their hair. Not cognizing that they were so supposed to blow-dry or otherwise manner it. they left the house feeling snazzy. while looking reasonably much the same as they had prior to using the mousse at most. their hair was a small damper. mistily crispy in texture. and surely stickier than earlier. But they felt absolutely transformed. 2. Harmonizing to Noel Manucom. caput of planning and scheme at Splash cosmetics. the quest for beauty may besides be perceived as a pursuit for societal equality. â€Å"Filipinos. particularly those in the C and D ( categories ) . are still influenced by their colonial outlook that white tegument and a tall olfactory organ are what those in high society have. † Manucom says. â€Å"They may non be able to afford to hold their nose done. but the desire to hold a fairer tegument can be met by purchasing merchandises. † In fact. the double-digit growing in tegument attention popularity among Filipino males over the last six old ages is mostly attributable to skin-whitening expressions. Pinoys are still devoted to hair attention merchandises and aroma above anything else — with turning involvement in bath washes. unwritten hygiene. and weight loss or addition — yet skin attention is acknowledged to be the chief fuel of the Philippine beauty industry. 3. Harmonizing to Fairview Physician Associates -Medical student-run wellness clinics have become popular plans among medical schools for furthering instruction and community service among pupils. The proliferation of these clinics has non. nevertheless. coincided with a better apprehension of these programs’ impact on medical instruction or public wellness. There are no informations of how many student-run clinics exist or how many schools have one. Foreign Surveies1. Clinics Management System ( CMS ) based on Patient Centered Process Ontology â€Å"A major job faced by today’s health care is the increasing diverseness and distinction. New medical fortes are invariably created: there exist a big figure of functions in patient attention and many different public and private organizations† Harmonizing to Prasad M. Jayaweera ( University of Ruhuna. Sri Lanka ) the procedure oriented concern ontologies are developed in client centered mode in order to develop concern systems applications to supply more and more value added services to aim consumers. This tendency is besides valid in health care sector although there are some limitations and restrictions that can be noticed in Sri Lankan. 2. Patient Management System by Terrence Adam. BS Pharmacy MD PhD â€Å"Any tool used to aids in the bringing of clinical attention from the point of attention induction to completion† Harmonizing to Terrence Adam. involvement in Patient Management Systems with anterior experience as clinical user in pharmaceutics and medical specialty development and rating of a patient monitoring system usage of secondary informations for surveillance applications rating. It is for one halt beginning of information. 3. Computerized Health Records Management System for Kitagata Hospital â€Å"Health records direction is such an of import country in wellness attention bringing because without proper records. planning is rendered difficult† Harmonizing to Charles Namibara. the purpose of his survey was to construct a computerized records direction system that would be more effectual and efficient than the bing manual system in Kitagata Hospital. This was done by looking at the bing wellness records direction system. analyzing its strong and weak points design and execution of a new system. Interviews. observation and document reappraisals were tools used in informations aggregation. MySQL database direction system. Apache waiter. PHP scripting linguistic communication embaded in HTML were used for design. Related SurveiesThe reappraisal of related surveies is an indispensable portion of any probe. Thestudy of the related surveies is a important facet of the planning of the survey. The designation of a job. tyre development of a Research design and finding of the size and range of the attention and strength with which a research worker has examined the literature related to the intended research. Local Surveies1. Clinical Information Management for Divine’s Clinic Malolos City â€Å"Our Journey towards the execution of a Clinical information system to the Critical Care Environment† Harmonizing to the above statement. there have been a important progresss in medical engineering used in patient intervention and attention. The Intensive Care Unit ( ICU ) in an acute infirmary is designed to handle the most complex and unstable medical and surgical patient. 2. A Comprehensive Online Clinic Management System â€Å"Online clinic direction system are designed to instantly enter the patients’ information† Harmonizing to the Rosa Sta. Maria the chief job of Villa-Santarromana Dental Clinic is that they have the manual manner on entering. tracking. and pull offing patients petition which sometimes lead to slower dealing within the clients. This survey was aimed to designed and develop an online clinic direction solution that will function as proposal to assist the tooth doctor and staff to salvage clip and resources with the mechanization of its day-to-day clinic operations. 3. Patient Profiling SystemWEST VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY DENTAL CLINIC â€Å"Health is metabolic efficiency. illness is metabolic deficiency† Harmonizing to Ms. Venus Papilota Diaz. information engineering pupil. thatwellness is of import. One topographic point that we can trust on is the so called â€Å"Clinic† that provides primary assistance and attention that will extinguish or at least decrease up our troubles when in hurting. When the dealing of entering the patient’s information is more rapidly it will assist quickly the medical staffs in their purchases to help the Dentist to care for their patients. SynthesisThe Computerized Treatment Report with Monitoring of Patient’s Ailment will assist the school to heighten efficiency and will bring forth accurate study for the clinic.This system provides an mandate for the user to entree the dealing like bring forthing studies and supervising the patients. View as multi-pages

Pfizer and the Challenges of the Global Pharmaceutical Industry

Pfizer and the Challenges of the Global Pharmaceutical Industry Identification The case of Pfizer is one of the most interesting studies in the pharmaceutical business. One major reason is that it almost fell into near-death situation, a paradox considering that its mission is treatment of diseases. What happened to this once the biggest global pharmaceutical firm? Who or what was responsible for this fall?Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pfizer and the Challenges of the Global Pharmaceutical Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pfizer has been a leading drug company, involved in manufacturing of new medicines to treat popular human diseases, like cardiovascular and metabolism diseases. Half of its total revenues were attributed to prescription drugs. Pfizer’s mission and goals were to provide cutting edge research and development in the different operating segments, from product development to the patient’s therapeutic stage, which encompass the productâ €™s life cycle. Pfizer also became actively involved in biotechnology with the acquisition of some biotechnology firms. It has been said that the life-blood of a pharmaceutical firm is in research and development (RD). Although this has to be corrected, since RD is sometimes the â€Å"killer† of a pharmaceutical firm, Pfizer became a leader in the industry because of its RD centers in many parts of the world. These centers created blockbuster drugs and produced profits, but just as many also caused losses for the firm. The fact is Pfizer had many problems – the usual and unusual problems which pharmaceuticals face in the course of inventing new medicines for new diseases, recovering the costs for inventing and pre-testing those medicines, maintaining the hold as the leader of top pharmaceutical firms, among others. Pfizer lost profits by inventing one drug after another; the main causes were the usual ones – side effects, human safety concerns, etc. The caus es were internal and external ones – a scenario all managers abhor and would love to close shop. Analysis and evaluation From its financial report for the year then ended 2012 (2012 Financial Report, 2012), Pfizer had total revenues of $58.986 billion. The medicines that were originally manufactured in Pfizer’s manufacturing plants, ranging from the Lyrica and Viagra to the Primarin family, produced those revenues.Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the products lost their momentum along the way, creating a negative impact costing millions of dollars in research and development and in the pre-clinical testing and actual testing processes. A recapitulation of the expenses and income generated from the invented/manufactured medicines is shown in Appendix 1. The calculations in this attachment were rounded off to provide simplicity in the figures. The overall performance showed that revenues went down in 2012. Appendix 1 shows that Pfizer had an operating profit margin of $0.67 billion, which is short of saying that this is what (or how) the company got from its invested money without charges. The amount is rather low if we have to consider the resources that the company had spent and exerted. The explanation in the financial report stated that the losses were due to the negative impact made by its major product, the Lipitor, amounting to $7.7 billion, equal to 12% of the total revenues for the year (2012 Financial Report, 2012, p. 15). The financial report made mention of the negative impact of the manufactured drugs, and the decrease of sales of the drugs (2012 Financial Report, 2012, p. 2). Kindler announced the dismissal of 10,000 employees, mostly from European branches and RD centers. Those who were retained came from the US branches. This is because the United States and North America have largely contributed to the a nnual revenues. US Per capita spending on pharmaceutical products is 728, which is larger than the European countries even those from France and Germany. SWOT Analysis Strength Pfizer’s assets have been earned and built through the years: it has adequate financial resources to counter the tides of weak sales or any downturn. Its strength lies in its standing in the industry – it is a recognized leader. Its commitment to RD is also well recognized as it spends millions to invent and manufacture medicines for emerging diseases. The period of Kindler’s entry in the company was described as slow growth – the company was in the verge of a sharp decline from all its sales of the various manufactured drugs, to include the Lipitor. But Kindler’s entry was seen as strength because of the changes he introduced which produced positive results.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pfizer and the Challenges of the Global Pharmaceutical Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Weakness The drug Lipitor was a problem; a paradox because they used to call it a blockbuster. At first, Lipitor contributed to the firm’s sales, reaching up to US$13 billion, equal to 40% of Pfizer’s total profit. The firm developed another medicine called â€Å"Torcetrapib†, believed to be the successor of Lipitor, but the drug also created a problem in the human safety aspect. Opportunity From the case analysis and perusal of the 2012 Financial Statement, we can conclude that Pfizer is capitalizing on the manufactured drugs for the various diseases. These drugs are the lifeblood of the company. While some drugs made some setbacks, most of them are selling good and have provided profits. The expired patents still earned profits for Pfizer considering that it has rights to the sale of generic drugs. Threats As it has always been said, there’s strong competition in the ph armaceutical industry. Firms compete to introduce new drugs and manufacture patented drugs and generic drugs. Pfizer is strongly competing with GSK, Sanofi-aventis, Novartis, JJ, which are giants in their own right. Before a drug is introduced in the market, firms already compete to manufacture and own the patent for the still undeveloped drug. Discussion of alternatives The inside and outside factors provided a negative environment for Pfizer. There were many changes that Pfizer had to deal with; one concerned price setting. For example in 2005, the German government reduced the prices for all types of drugs. This paved the way to reimbursing the medical expenses of those who took Lipitor. The drug’s price also had to be reduced. The price reduction and the reimbursement produced a negative impact on Pfizer. Price continued to pressure in other parts of Europe, particularly in the United Kingdom whose government issued the Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRC) which set profit ceilings on all kinds of drugs. It created a unified reaction from the different pharmaceutical firms, while others considered it ‘extortion’. Pfizer was very much affected by the price scheme. The invention of drugs, to include research and development, pre-clinical testing and testing, and manufacturing, takes about ten to fifteen years. When it is introduced in the market as a safe drug, a considerable amount of time, money, and resources of the company have already been spent. When the drug has to be withdrawn from the market because of safety issues, the investing firm will already have lost millions of dollars. But this is not to say that it losses every time it manufactures medicines. Return of investment also provides millions, if not billions, of dollars.Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Pfizer introduced innovations to counter the negative image and also to minimize unnecessary costs and increase profits. The alternatives were said to be revolutionary because they were introduced by a new brand of management, that of Kindler. But the innovations proved to be effective, even if it cost firing thousands of jobs. Regarding its products, it appears that Pfizer will continue to earn profits from the manufacture of medicines. This is its prime source of revenues and will continue to be so in the future. Recommendations/Implementability Pfizer had to continue this strategy of convincing doctors to prescribe branded medicines to their patients because this is where most of their profits for drugs come. Moreover, Pfizer has been promoting their drugs through advertisements and the Internet. This year, Pfizer promoted vaccination in Ireland. Although it was a marketing strategy, it was also part of the firm’s corporate social responsibility. Health care for children i s one of Pfizer’s primary goals. Kindler’s goals have become Pfizer’s mission – health care for the different segments the firm has targeted. Research and development has been very much improved ever since the company has streamlined, modified the corporate structure and introduced changes and innovations, particularly in the RD centers all throughout the world. By continuing the changes in the area of RD and the focus on the five segments, Pfizer will continue to recover the losses and regain the leadership in the pharmaceutical industry. Competition continues in this industry, but focusing on servicing and providing health through the introduction of new medicines, this firm will continue to recover and maintain the lead. Pfizer’s drugs have helped the ageing population and the fight against cancer and AIDS which formerly had no cure. However, by continuing on their cutting-edge method in RD and the operating costs in the millions and dollars, it may affect the firm’s goal of increasing profits. The goal of service to humanity has to continue but it may affect profits. Kindler’s aim was to minimize losses in the RD areas by conducting collaborative efforts with other companies. In short, Pfizer had to focus on transparency by opening to the public and acquiring more acquisitions. Kindler motivated the new sales force to boost sales. But all these efforts tended not to help Pfizer. When Kindler announced the dismissal of thousands of employees, the stock market negatively responded with a sharp fall. References 2012 Financial report. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.pfizer.com/sites/default/files/annualreport/2012/financial/financial2012.pdf Appendix 1 Goods sold = $12 billion (Lyrica, Celebrex, Viagra, and others) 6 billion (Norvasac and the Primarin family) Total Sales = $18 billion (for the various medicines manufactured) Cost of goods sold (expenses) = $11.3 billion Gross profit margin = Sales – Co st of goods sold Sales = $18 billion – $11.3 billion $18 billion = $0.372 billion (margin provided to cover operating expenses) Operating profit margin = 12.08 billion 18billion = 0.67 billion Net profit margin = Profits after taxes Sales = 12.08 – 7.64 18 Net profit margin = $0.25 billion Taxes Taxes on income = $2.56 billion Discontinued ops. = 5.08 billion Total taxes = $7.64 billion Return on total assets = Profits after taxes total assets = 4.4 billion 58.986 billion = $0.074 billion

Information Technology Investment Financial Analysis Essay

Information Technology Investment Financial Analysis - Essay Example The several cost items of IT help desk service are labor cost, material cost, cost of electricity, cost of computer and cost of software. The cost structure of IT help desk service provides several levels of support to focus on the problem. The job of first level support is to identify the adequate information about the problem. The job of second level support is to provide higher technical skills to the first level and the job of third level support is to hire technical specialist to solve the problem within a specified time (Mahoney 1-16). The scope of E-mail service is to provide online services. Anyone can access e-mail through computer, personal laptop and mobile phone. The financial objective of e-mail service is to increase the profit by providing best services to the people along with better convenience (Mahoney 1-16). The function of email service is to exchange messages or information through online for different purposes that include communicating with customers, money transaction and sale of products and/or services (Mahoney 1-16). The various cost items of E-mail service are cost of material, cost of electricity, cost of internet, and cost of computer or personal laptop, which are described as cost of equipment. The cost structure of enterprise system, required for the resources are the cost of product planning, cost of delivery service and cost of marketing (Mahoney 1-16). The scope of enterprise system is related to Supply Chain Management, relationship management and obtaining the objectives of an organization. The financial objective of enterprise system is to increase profit by enhancing financial performance and market value of an organization (Mahoney 1-16). The cost items of enterprise system are cost of material, cost of labor, cost of product and cost of accounts. The cost structure of E-mail service are two types such as cost driven as well as value driven and it focus

Pre-hospital care the effects of adequate chest compression to cardiac Research Paper

Pre-hospital care the effects of adequate chest compression to cardiac arrest patients - Research Paper Example This essay will discuss the effect of chest compression in the management of patients or victims of cardiac arrest. Chest compression involves multiple anatomical structures. Importantly, it involves all the systems significant in oxygenation of tissues. The three systems involved are the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system and the nervous system. The respiratory system involves the airways, the ribcage and the attached intercostal muscles. The cardiovascular system includes the heart and the blood vessels that supply the lungs while the nervous system involve the nervous system that supply the above structures that sense (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). Cardiac arrest involves sudden stoppage or cessation in cardiac activity resulting to hemodynamic collapse. Typically, this is due to sustained ventricular fibrillations or tachycardia. Other common conditions that lead to cardiac arrest include myocardial infarction, brain hemorrhage, severe multiple traumas or severe electrolyte imbalance in the body. Following arrest, the blood flow is altered with less than 30 % delivery to the lungs. Consequently, the amount of oxygenated blood circulating in the body system decrease leading to death of vital organs like brain, heart and kidneys. If not arrested early, the brain may die within six second due to hypoxia. Chest compression is, therefore, meant to increase oxygen delivery to the vital centers before the definitive treatment measure is put in place. Sudden cardiac arrest is mostly associated with coronary heart disease. Therefore, any condition that predisposes one to coronary disease may be a risk factor to cardiac arrest. These factors include old age, diabetes, and obesity, high blood pressure, smoking sedentary lifestyle, high blood cholesterol and familiar history of coronary disease. Another factor that may predispose one to a heart attack is a previous

English Is Official Language In U.S. Essay Example for Free

English Is Official Language In U.S. Essay Half the countries in the world have an official language. The US is not one of them. Recently some attempts were made to designate English as the official language of the United States, though this country is widely known for being multinational and, correspondently, multilingual. Nevertheless, at the present there are twenty seven states out of fifty that are claiming English to be their official language either by adopting a law or in their state constitutions. Thus, English language de facto occupies a position of the official language in the United States, and there are many supporters of the idea to set it in documents, de jure. The question arises: is this so vital? Should it be done by all means and at any cost? Definitely, there are some clearly stated advantages, pertaining mainly to the issue of immigration, both legal and illegal. Firstly, if English is designated as the official language, it will ensure that all the immigrants become more proficient in English, thus making communication and integration into the society much easier for all the parties. It is difficult to imagine any immigrant achieving the American dream without knowledge of English. This fact, though having little financial of physical impact, will incite people coming from other countries to learn English more zealously. Being forced to learn English, any immigrant will gain access to a full life of an American. Then, English as the default and official language will become a uniting factor for people from different parts of the world. They all came to America from divergent backgrounds, and English language is the tie that can bind them together. The last but not the least is the financial factor. Many states maintain language diversity thoroughly, which can not but call for extensive financial support. There are bilingual ballots, education, publications, and similar services provided at public expense. Massachusetts offers drivers tests in more than two dozen foreign languages. Federal voting rights laws provide for ballots in multiple translations. Internal Revenue Service forms are printed in Spanish. Elimination of need to translate these from one language into another may save a lot of money. On the other hand, all these advantages can easily turn into disadvantages if regarded from the other point of view. Thus, immigrants coming from all parts of the world will have to abandon their native language and most traditions. Of course, as it has already been mentioned, this would benefit to their integration into the American society, but at the same time weakening of cultural and historical bonds may result in loss of national identity. Moreover, the idea of ‘English-only’ implies the feeling of linguistic superiority and somehow exclusivity. It can definitely and can be upsetting to people whose native language is not English.   Its misuse would be intended to provoke an emotional reaction and in a way irritate anyone who favors making English the US official language, as well as those who simply want to protect its role as the common language of the United States. Designating English as the official language will also give trouble to bilingual education which is nowadays very popular in many states. Bilingual education programs use both the students native language and English for instruction. It is emphasized that native language development has the positive influence on second language proficiency. Lack of first language development has been shown, in some cases, to inhibit the level of second language proficiency and cognitive academic development. Successful bilingual education programs actually result in faster acquisition of English. Content matter taught in the native language can be transferred to the second language. In the regular classroom, confronted with both concepts and language that are not comprehensible to them, limited English speakers learn neither the content nor the language. Language acquisition occurs only when incoming messages can be understood. Again, to be successful, citizens need to be open to learning multiple languages. Business leaders and Europeans do it. Knowing multiple languages is a great asset. In a global economy, it is the monolingual English speakers who are falling behind. Along with computer skills, a neat appearance and a work ethic, Americans more and more are finding that a second language is useful in getting a good job. What is the most important, everybody knows that English is the official language already, even if it was not designated to be one. Its declaration as the official tongue would be nothing but a mere symbol. No matter how hard the proponents of designation try to officially establish a language for the US, it is in vain; such a language already exists and is predominant. Correspondingly, efforts to strive for it can be applied to maintain the country’s multilingualism. Outline: question of designating English as the official language in the USA is a debatable one. The arguments â€Å"for† are that it would encourage immigrants to learn the language, helping them to integrate into the society and become citizens of the United States.   It would also help to save the money spent on translations. Nevertheless, the disadvantages of such a step prevail: loss of language and culture of immigrants, problems with bilingual education, limitation of possibility to acquire new languages.   Nevertheless, the crucial factor â€Å"against† the designation is that it would mean nothing, as most benefits from such the step are already existent.

The Creek Indians :: American America History

The Creek Indians Location and Background The early English traders gave the Creek native Americans their name because they usually built their villages on or near creeks or rivers. If they were to still have their villages it would include areas of Northern Florida and Eastern Louisiana and Southern Tennessee. The majority of the villages were located along the banks of the Coosa, Tallaposa, Flint, Ocmulgee, and Chattachoochee rivers. The native word for the most powerful band of Creeks was the "Muskogees". The Creek native Americans were the most powerful and widespread tribe of the Southeast culture area. It was also thought that the Creeks were long lost ancestors of the Mound Builders. Villages "The Chief of The Creek village or tribe was called an amirco, but he was not the absolute ruler." His job in the village included making important decisions.Once he made a decision many town criers would go out to announce the it to other tribes within the Creek. The Creeks were agricultural, but war like. The number of Creeks at one time was 30,000. The villages were separated into two red and white. Red towns had warriors who launched raids far and wide for purposes of honor and revenge. Red Creeks usually held war dances often to protect them selves in battle. Within the white towns lived most of the peace makers who kept track of alliances and gave sanctuary to refugees or poor people. White Creeks held ceremonies such as the signing of treaties or alliances. Each village had a town square at its center with seats where spectators could sit.The town square was used for ceremonies and games. Each village had a circular town house with clay walls and a cone shaped bark roof about 25 feet high. This was a ceremonial lodge and was also used for shelter for the homeless. Some town houses were smaller with a slanted bark roof only about 10 feet high. The most common house had a slanted bark roof with the roof about 7 feet high these were used for individual families, it held about, four to five people in it.. Each family had a summer and winter house both were packed with mud. The summer house was often used as a guest house for when visitors came to visit. They also owned their own granary which was half open and they also had a warehouse which was open on all four sides similar to a chickee.